Portrait of Lord Melvyn Bragg, host of In Our Time

Philosophers of history

Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline. The term was coined by French philosopher Voltaire.In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between speculative philosophy of history and critical philosophy of history, now referred to as analytic.

17 episodes

Episodes in this category also belong to the following categories:

CultureHistoryPhilosophyFellows of the Royal SocietyOntologistsSocial philosophersPhilosophy writersFellows of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesPhilosophers of literaturePhilosophers of mindTheorists on Western civilizationWriters about activism and social changeMetaphysiciansPhilosophers of culturePhilosophers of religionPhilosophers of scienceEnlightenment philosophersMembers of the American Philosophical SocietyEpistemologistsAphoristsCritics of the Catholic ChurchEnglish essayistsRecipients of the Copley MedalWriters about religion and scienceAge of EnlightenmentAtheist philosophersEnglish male non-fiction writersGerman male non-fiction writersPhilosophers of educationPhilosophers of lawPhilosophers of social science18th-century philosophers19th-century German philosophers20th-century atheistsForeign associates of the National Academy of SciencesJewish philosophersMetaphilosophersNobel laureates in LiteraturePantheistsPhilosophers of economicsPhilosophers of mathematics17th-century English male writersAristotelian philosophersBritish male essayistsEnglish people of Scottish descentExistentialistsGerman political philosophersHall of Fame for Great Americans inducteesHonorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of SciencesLogiciansNatural law ethicistsPhilosophers of logicPhilosophers of lovePhilosophers of psychologyPhilosophers of sexuality19th-century atheistsAmerican male non-fiction writersCritics of work and the work ethicEmpiricistsEnglish non-fiction writersIslamic philosophersPhilosophers of artPhilosophers of languagePolitical philosophers17th-century English writers20th-century essayistsAlumni of St John's College, CambridgeAmerican people of English descentAnalytic philosophersAnti-consumeristsClassical liberalismCritics of religionsEnglish agnosticsGerman philosophers of education, German ethicistsJewish agnosticsPhilosophers of technologySimple living advocatesTheoretical historiansVirtue ethicists17th-century writers in Latin18th-century English male writers19th-century American poets19th-century English non-fiction writers19th-century English writers19th-century male writers20th-century German philosophersAlumni of Trinity College DublinAnti-nationalistsBritish critics of religionsBritish philosophers of educationEnglish Nobel laureatesEnglish feminists, English feminist writersEnglish socialistsHumboldt University of Berlin alumniJewish socialistsMarxist theoristsMembers of the Order of MeritMetaphysics writersPeople associated with electricityPhilosophers of deathPhilosophers of warPolitical realistsRationalistsRecipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)Rhetoric theoristsWomen religious writersWriters about globalization17th-century English philosophers18th-century English writers20th-century British philosophers20th-century English philosophersAlumni of Newnham College, CambridgeAlumni of the University of EdinburghAmerican male essayists, American male poetsAmerican political philosophersBritish ethicistsBritish philosophers of mindBritish political philosophersCritics of JudaismCritics of atheismDeist philosophersEnglish inventorsEnglish libertariansEnglish people of Welsh descentEnglish physicistsEnglish political philosophersEnglish republicansEuropean democratic socialistsFellows of the British AcademyFreethought writersGerman Marxist writersHeidelberg University alumniHistorians of the French RevolutionIndependent scientistsIrish AnglicansMembers of the American Academy of Arts and LettersScholars of feminist philosophyUtilitarians18th-century American writers, Founding Fathers of the United States, People of the American Enlightenment18th-century Anglo-Irish people, 18th-century Irish writers, 18th-century Irish male writers18th-century British essayists18th-century British philosophers18th-century pseudonymous writers19th-century American essayists19th-century American philosophers19th-century English essayists19th-century English philosophers19th-century German historians19th-century deaths from tuberculosis19th-century essayists19th-century non-fiction writers from the Russian Empire20th-century British essayists20th-century English mathematiciansActivists for African-American civil rightsAlumni of Somerville College, OxfordAlumni of Trinity College, CambridgeAmerican autobiographersAmerican deistsAmerican lecturersAmerican male journalistsAmerican philosophers of cultureAmerican philosophers of educationAmerican philosophers of religionAmerican slave ownersAnarchist writersAnglican philosophersAutobiographersBritish consciousness researchers and theoristsBritish free speech activistsBritish historians of philosophyBritish philosophers of languageBritish socialistsBurials at Highgate CemeteryCambridge University Moral Sciences ClubConsequentialistsConservatismCorresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of SciencesCriticism of rationalismCritics of ChristianityCritics of deismDeterministsEnglish logiciansEnglish people of Irish descentEnglish political writersEnglish suffragistsExilliteratur writersFellows of Trinity College, CambridgeGeorgistsGerman Ashkenazi JewsGerman agnosticsGerman revolutionariesGerman women philosophersHumor researchersJames Tait Black Memorial Prize recipientsJerusalem Prize recipientsJewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United StatesKnights BachelorLinguistic turnMembers of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies, British MPs 1780–1784Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsMuslim critics of atheism, AsharisPamphleteersPeople of the Age of EnlightenmentPresidents of the Aristotelian SocietySocialist feministsStateless peopleStreathamitesWriters from Dublin (city)12th-century Muslim theologians18th-century American male writers, American foreign policy writers18th-century American politicians, Signers of the United States Constitution, American Freemasons18th-century English people18th-century English philosophers18th-century Irish philosophers19th-century American non-fiction writers19th-century American writers19th-century English mathematicians19th-century short story writers from the Russian Empire, 20th-century Russian short story writers, Russian opinion journalists, Philanthropists from the Russian Empire, Novelists from the Russian Empire, 20th-century Russian dramatists and playwrights, Russian-language writers, Russian male novelists, Russian male dramatists and playwrights, 19th-century dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire20th-century American essayists20th-century American philosophers20th-century American women writers20th-century British non-fiction writers20th-century German non-fiction writers20th-century German women writers20th-century letter writersAcademics of the London School of Economics, British philosophers of scienceAction theoristsAmerican philosophers of science, American philosophers of mindAmerican religious skeptics, American nationalistsAmerican spiritual writersAnglo-ScotsAnti-imperialistsAnti-monarchistsArabic-language commentators on AristotleBaruch SpinozaBritish MPs 1774–1780British MPs 1790–1796, British MPs 1784–1790British atheism activistsBritish atheistsBritish classical liberal economistsBritish critics of ChristianityBritish deistsBritish male non-fiction writersBritish parodistsBritish people of Irish descentBritish philosophers of logicBritish philosophers of religionBritish social liberalsBritish women philosophersChristian vegetariansCorresponding fellows of the British AcademyCreators of writing systemsCritics of MarxismCritics of political economyDeputies to the French National ConventionEconomic historians, German sociologistsEconomists of the medieval Islamic world, MujaddidEnglish anti-fascistsEnglish autobiographersEnglish humanistsEnglish pacifists, British philosophers of cultureEnglish prisoners and detaineesEnglish scepticsEnglish theologiansFellows of the Royal Society of ArtsFree love advocatesGerman Zionists, American Ashkenazi Jews, American agnostics, American ZionistsGerman anti-capitalists, Jewish communists, German socialist feministsGerman writers on atheismHonorary Fellows of the Royal Society of EdinburghIndependent scholarsInfectious disease deaths in FranceIrish Freemasons, Irish people of English descent, Irish libertariansJewish ethicistsJewish existentialistsJewish translators of the BibleMasonic grand mastersMaterialistsMembers of the International Workingmen's AssociationMembers of the Order of the Companions of HonourNaturalised citizens of the United Kingdom, Austrian agnostics, British people of Austrian-Jewish descent, Austrian essayists, Writers from Vienna, British logicians, 20th-century Austrian philosophers, Austrian logicians, British agnosticsNaturalized citizens of FranceNonviolence advocates, Christian anarchistsPeople from Córdoba, SpainPeople from MonmouthshirePeople of the Scottish EnlightenmentPhilosophers from MassachusettsPhilosophers from al-AndalusPhilosophers of identityPhilosophical anthropologyPlatonistsPolitical activists from PennsylvaniaPrinceton University facultyPsychologists of religionRadicalsRecipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and ArtRectors of the University of GlasgowRectors of the University of St AndrewsRussian anarchistsRussian male journalistsScholars of antisemitismSecular humanistsSet theoristsSkeptic philosophersThe New School facultyThomas HobbesUK MPs 1865–1868Underground Railroad peopleUniversal basic income writersUniversity of Bonn alumniUniversity of California, Los Angeles facultyUniversity of Chicago faculty, Intellectual historiansUniversity of Jena alumniUniversity of Marburg alumniUniversity of al-Qarawiyyin alumniVoting theoristsWilliam JamesWriters about communismWriters from Philadelphia, Recreational cryptographers, Writers from Boston
  1. Averroes

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the philosopher Averroes who worked to reconcile the theology of Islam with the rationality of Aristotle, achieving both fame and infamy.

    5 October 2006

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    Featuring: Amira Bennison, Peter Adamson, Anthony Kenny

     
  2. Benjamin Franklin

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of the scientist, writer, printer, diplomat and American founding father Benjamin Franklin.

    1 March 2012

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    Featuring: Simon Middleton, Simon Newman, Patricia Fara

     
  3. Bertrand Russell

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the influential 20th-century British thinker Bertrand Russell, widely regarded as one of the founders of Analytical philosophy.

    6 December 2012

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    Featuring: A. C. Grayling, Mike Beaney, Hilary Greaves

     
    PhilosophyFellows of the Royal SocietyOntologistsPhilosophers of literatureTheorists on Western civilizationWriters about activism and social changePhilosophers of historyCritics of the Catholic ChurchWriters about religion and scienceEnglish essayistsAtheist philosophersEnglish male non-fiction writersPhilosophers of lawPhilosophers of social sciencePhilosophers of mathematics20th-century atheistsMetaphilosophersPhilosophers of economicsNobel laureates in LiteratureAristotelian philosophersPhilosophers of loveLogiciansPhilosophers of sexualityEnglish people of Scottish descent19th-century atheistsEmpiricistsCritics of work and the work ethicAnalytic philosophersEnglish agnosticsPhilosophers of technologyAnti-nationalistsMembers of the Order of MeritBritish critics of religionsRhetoric theoristsEnglish Nobel laureatesEnglish socialistsMetaphysics writersWriters about globalizationBritish philosophers of education20th-century English philosophersEuropean democratic socialistsBritish philosophers of mindEnglish people of Welsh descentBritish ethicistsUtilitariansEnglish political philosophersFreethought writersBritish political philosophersBritish philosophers of languagePresidents of the Aristotelian SocietyBritish historians of philosophy20th-century English mathematiciansEnglish logicians19th-century English philosophersJerusalem Prize recipientsGeorgists19th-century English essayistsAlumni of Trinity College, CambridgeBritish consciousness researchers and theoristsConsequentialistsEnglish political writersFellows of Trinity College, CambridgeBritish free speech activistsLinguistic turnUniversity of California, Los Angeles facultySet theoristsEnglish humanistsBritish atheism activistsUniversal basic income writersEnglish anti-fascistsWriters about communismPeople from Monmouthshire19th-century English mathematiciansBritish critics of ChristianityEnglish prisoners and detaineesEnglish scepticsFree love advocatesBritish philosophers of logicBritish philosophers of religionSecular humanistsUniversity of Chicago faculty, Intellectual historiansAcademics of the London School of Economics, British philosophers of scienceEnglish pacifists, British philosophers of culture
  4. David Hume

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the work of David Hume, the philosopher and leading figure of the Scottish Enlightenment.

    6 October 2011

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    Featuring: Peter Millican, Helen Beebee, James Harris

     
  5. Edmund Burke

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the work of the philosopher, politician and writer Edmund Burke, whose views on revolution in America and France were hugely influential.

    3 June 2010

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    Featuring: Karen O'Brien, Richard Bourke, John Keane

     
  6. Hannah Arendt

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ideas of Hannah Arendt who examined totalitarianism and politics and, when covering the Eichmann trial, explored 'the banality of evil'.

    2 February 2017

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    Featuring: Lyndsey Stonebridge, Frisbee Sheffield, Robert Eaglestone

     
  7. Hobbes

    Melvyn Bragg discusses Thomas Hobbes, the great 17th century philosopher who famously said that ungoverned man lived a life that was ‘solitary, poor, brutish and short’.

    1 December 2005

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    Featuring: Quentin Skinner, David Wootton, Annabel Brett

     
  8. Ibn Khaldun

    Melvyn Bragg and guests Robert Hoyland, Robert Irwin and Hugh Kennedy discuss the life and ideas of the 14th-century Arab philosopher of history Ibn Khaldun.

    4 February 2010

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    Featuring: Robert Hoyland, Robert Graham Irwin, Hugh N. Kennedy

     
  9. Iris Murdoch

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the growing prominence of the philosophy of one of the most celebrated novelists of the 20th century, who developed her ideas in response to WWII.

    21 October 2021

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    Featuring: Anil Gomes, Anne Rowe, Miles Leeson

     
  10. Marx

    Melvyn Bragg discusses Karl Marx who once said that while other philosophers wanted to interpret the world, he wanted to change it. And he changed the world with his Communist Manifesto.

    14 July 2005

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    Featuring: A. C. Grayling, Francis Wheen, Gareth Stedman Jones

     
  11. Mill

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the 19th century political philosopher John Stuart Mill and his treatise On Liberty which is one of the sacred texts of liberalism.

    18 May 2006

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    Featuring: A. C. Grayling, Janet Radcliffe Richards, Alan Ryan

     
  12. Popper

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the philosopher Karl Popper, author of The Open Society and a seminal thinker about science.

    8 February 2007

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    Featuring: John Worrall, Anthony O'Hear, Nancy Cartwright

     
    PhilosophySocial philosophersOntologistsTheorists on Western civilizationPhilosophers of mindWriters about activism and social changePhilosophers of historyPhilosophers of religionMetaphysiciansPhilosophers of cultureEpistemologistsWriters about religion and sciencePhilosophers of mathematicsForeign associates of the National Academy of SciencesJewish philosophersPhilosophers of economicsAristotelian philosophersLogiciansBritish male essayistsPhilosophers of logicPolitical philosophersJewish agnosticsPhilosophers of technologyCritics of religionsRationalistsRecipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)Metaphysics writersWriters about globalizationBritish philosophers of educationFellows of the British Academy20th-century British philosophersBritish ethicistsBritish political philosophersCambridge University Moral Sciences ClubPresidents of the Aristotelian SocietyBritish historians of philosophyKnights BachelorBritish consciousness researchers and theorists20th-century British essayistsRecipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and ArtCritics of MarxismBritish male non-fiction writersJewish ethicistsBritish social liberalsMembers of the Order of the Companions of HonourAcademics of the London School of Economics, British philosophers of scienceNaturalised citizens of the United Kingdom, Austrian agnostics, British people of Austrian-Jewish descent, Austrian essayists, Writers from Vienna, British logicians, 20th-century Austrian philosophers, Austrian logicians, British agnostics
  13. Spinoza

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the philosopher Spinoza whose profound and complex ideas about God had him celebrated as an atheist in the 18th century.

    3 May 2007

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    Featuring: Jonathan Rée, Sarah Hutton, John Cottingham

     
  14. Thomas Paine's Common Sense

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense, which was published in 1776 and bolstered support for American independence.

    21 January 2016

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    Featuring: Kathleen Burk, Nicholas Guyatt, Peter Thompson

     
  15. Thoreau and the American Idyll

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the American 19th century writer and philosopher, Henry David Thoreau

    15 January 2009

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    Featuring: Kathleen Burk, Tim Morris, Stephen Fender

     
  16. Tolstoy

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the life and times of the 19th century Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, whose novels such as War and Peace gave expression to the compelling moral and social questions of their day.

    25 April 2002

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    Featuring: A. N. Wilson, Catriona Kelly, Sarah Hudspith

     
  17. William James's The Varieties of Religious Experience

    Melvyn Bragg and guests Jonathan Ree, John Haldane and Gwen Griffith-Dickson discuss The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James.

    13 May 2010

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    Featuring: Jonathan Rée, John Haldane, Gwen Griffith-Dickson