Portrait of Lord Melvyn Bragg, host of In Our Time

20th century

159 episodes

  1. A Room of One's Own

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Virginia Woolf's highly influential essay about women and literature: "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."

    30 March 2023

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    Featuring: Hermione Lee, Michèle Barrett, Alexandra Harris

     
  2. Alan Turing

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ideas and life of the founder of computer science - whose work helped crack enemy codes in WW2 - and his exploration of artificial intelligence.

    15 October 2020

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    Featuring: Leslie Ann Goldberg, Simon Schaffer, Andrew Hodges

     
  3. Albert Einstein

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Einstein's impact on the world of physics after his 'miraculous year' in 1905 and why he went on to become so very famous after World War One.

    14 September 2023

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    Featuring: Richard Staley, Diana Kormos Buchwald, John Heilbron

     
  4. Aldous Huxley's Brave New World

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Aldous Huxley's dystopian 1932 novel Brave New World and its vision of a future of test tube babies, free love and round-the-clock surveillance.

    9 April 2009

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    Featuring: David Bradshaw, Daniel Pick, Michèle Barrett

     
  5. Alfred Russel Wallace

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Victorian pioneer of evolutionary theory Alfred Russel Wallace.

    21 March 2013

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    Featuring: Steve Jones, George Beccaloni, Ted Benton

     
  6. Anarchism

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Anarchism and why its political ideas became synonymous with chaos and disorder.

    7 December 2006

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    Featuring: John Keane, Ruth Kinna, Peter Marshall

     
  7. Anna Akhmatova

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the poetry of Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) whose work was banned under Stalin and who lived under constant threat of the gulags.

    18 January 2018

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    Featuring: Katharine Hodgson, Alexandra Harrington, Michael Basker

     
  8. Archaea

    Misha Glenny and guests discuss how, after the first cells on earth branched into bacteria and archaea, some of those microorganisms recombined to make our complex cells.

    12 March 2026

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    Featuring: Christa Schleper, Thorsten Allers, Buzz Baum

     
  9. Architecture in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the rise in so-called spectacular architecture at the end of the 20th century and examines the new challenges faced by architecture in the 21st century.

    25 March 1999

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    Featuring: Daniel Libeskind, Richard Weston

     
  10. Atrocity in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the conditions that allow man’s inhumanity to man on the scale seen in the 20th century, and explores whether a scientific study of the mind can ever uncover the roots of evil.

    28 October 1999

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    Featuring: Jonathan Glover, Gwen Adshead

     
  11. Auden

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss WH Auden's life and poetry from Europe before WWII, reflecting on his travels to Spain, China and Germany and the rise of totalitarianism.

    19 December 2019

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    Featuring: Mark Ford, Janet Montefiore, Jeremy Noel-Tod

     
  12. Bacteriophages

    Melvyn Bragg and guests how the growing understanding of the viruses that kill bacteria is helping with the tracing of diseases and their potential cure.

    4 July 2024

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    Featuring: Martha Clokie, James Ebdon, Claas Kirchhelle

     
  13. Bauhaus

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the short-lived German combined art and crafts school founded by Walter Gropius in 1919 which became highly influential around the world.

    10 November 2022

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    Featuring: Robin Schuldenfrei, Alan Powers, Michael White

     
  14. Behavioural ecology

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss behavioural ecology, the scientific study of animal behaviour in light of Darwin's theory of evolution.

    11 December 2014

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    Featuring: Steve Jones, Rebecca Kilner, John Krebs

     
  15. Bergson and Time

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ideas of Henri Bergson on how our experience of time as a duration differs from the scientific measurement of time, and why that matters.

    9 May 2019

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    Featuring: Keith Ansell-Pearson, Emily Thomas, Mark Sinclair

     
  16. Bertrand Russell

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the influential 20th-century British thinker Bertrand Russell, widely regarded as one of the founders of Analytical philosophy.

    6 December 2012

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    Featuring: A. C. Grayling, Mike Beaney, Hilary Greaves

     
    PhilosophyBritish free speech activistsBritish historians of philosophyEnglish logiciansUniversal basic income writersEuropean democratic socialistsMetaphysics writersMembers of the Order of MeritEnglish anti-fascists19th-century atheistsBritish philosophers of educationEmpiricistsEnglish humanistsFree love advocatesGeorgistsBritish critics of religionsEnglish Nobel laureatesNobel laureates in LiteratureTheorists on Western civilizationBritish political philosophersPhilosophers of social scienceEnglish people of Scottish descentEnglish socialistsEnglish male non-fiction writersConsequentialistsFellows of the Royal SocietyLinguistic turnPhilosophers of sexualityRhetoric theoristsMetaphilosophersPhilosophers of loveEnglish political philosophersCritics of work and the work ethicEnglish people of Welsh descent20th-century atheists20th-century English mathematiciansPresidents of the Aristotelian SocietyUtilitariansBritish atheism activistsWriters about communismLogicians19th-century English essayistsSecular humanistsPhilosophers of economicsIntellectual historians, University of Chicago facultyOntologistsEnglish scepticsFreethought writersCritics of the Catholic Church19th-century English philosophersBritish critics of ChristianityPeople from MonmouthshireAristotelian philosophersJerusalem Prize recipientsPhilosophers of lawEnglish prisoners and detaineesBritish philosophers of languageSet theoristsPhilosophers of technologyBritish consciousness researchers and theoristsPhilosophers of mathematicsBritish philosophers of mind20th-century English philosophers19th-century English mathematiciansAnti-nationalistsPhilosophers of literatureEnglish agnosticsBritish philosophers of culture, English pacifistsWriters about globalizationWriters about religion and scienceFellows of Trinity College, CambridgeEnglish essayistsAnalytic philosophersAcademics of the London School of Economics, British philosophers of scienceWriters about activism and social changeAlumni of Trinity College, CambridgePhilosophers of historyBritish philosophers of religionBritish ethicistsAtheist philosophersUniversity of California, Los Angeles facultyBritish philosophers of logicEnglish political writers19th century20th centuryEconomicsLanguageMathematics
  17. Bohemianism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses how a 19th century Parisian artistic philosophy re-emerged in the 20th century in the drawing rooms of Bloomsbury and Chelsea, as a lifestyle choice for a middle-class clique.

    9 October 2003

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    Featuring: Hermione Lee, Virginia Nicholson, Graham Robb

     
  18. Camus

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the Nobel Prize winning Algerian-French writer and existentialist philosopher Albert Camus.

    3 January 2008

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    Featuring: Peter Dunwoodie, David Walker, Christina Howells

     
  19. Chekhov

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of the great Russian writer Anton Chekhov.

    14 March 2013

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    Featuring: Catriona Kelly, Cynthia Marsh, Rosamund Bartlett

     
  20. Childhood

    Melvyn Bragg examines how perceptions of childhood have changed during the 20th century and discusses whether a clear distinction can always be made between childhood and adulthood.

    9 December 1999

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    Featuring: Christina Hardyment, Theodore Zeldin

     
  21. Citizen Kane

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Orson Welles' 1941 film, long celebrated as one of the greatest ever made, which went on to influence generations of film-makers

    15 December 2022

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    Featuring: Stella Bruzzi, Ian Christie, John David Rhodes

     
  22. Colette

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the novels and life of one of the most remarkable writers of the last century, whose Claudine series was first published under her husband's name.

    27 January 2022

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    Featuring: Diana Holmes, Michèle Roberts, Belinda Jack

     
  23. Crystallography

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the history and achievements of crystallography, a scientific discipline that has revolutionised our understanding of the world.

    29 November 2012

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    Featuring: Judith Howard, Chris Hammond, Mike Glazer

     
  24. Cultural rights in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg examines the impact of globalisation on human rights. How possible is it to place one set of societal traditions within another and what does that do to the identity of both groups?

    10 December 1998

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    Featuring: Homi Bhabha, John N. Gray

     
  25. Dadaism

    Misha Glenny and guests discuss the spirit of the art phenomenon that began in Zurich in 1916 inspired by what the Dadas saw as the absurdity of the war then consuming the world.

    19 March 2026

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    Featuring: Dawn Ades, Ruth Hemus, Stephen Forcer

     
  26. Death in Venice

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Mann's infamous novella of 1912, exploring the link between creativity and self-destruction.

    15 June 2023

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    Featuring: Karolina Watroba, Erica Wickerson, Sean Williams

     
  27. Dietrich Bonhoeffer

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Bonhoeffer's ideas about Christian ethics, the role of the Church in a secular world, and his attempts to overthrow Hitler.

    27 September 2018

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    Featuring: Stephen Plant, Eleanor McLaughlin, Tom Greggs

     
  28. Dorothy Hodgkin

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the work, ideas and life of the woman who won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work on the structures of vitamin B12 and penicillin.

    3 October 2019

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    Featuring: Georgina Ferry, Judith Howard, Patricia Fara

     
  29. Dylan Thomas

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the works and ideas of this celebrated Welsh poet, from his teenage success to his tours of America via Under Milk Wood.

    16 June 2022

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    Featuring: Nerys Williams, John Goodby, Leo Mellor

     
  30. Ediacara Biota

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Ediacara Biota: the Precambrian beings that some consider the first complex multicellular life forms.

    9 July 2009

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    Featuring: Richard Corfield, Martin Brasier, Rachel Wood

     
  31. Edith Wharton

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Wharton's novels, which explore the world of the privileged in America's Gilded Age, in which she lived, written in hindsight and with little mercy.

    4 October 2018

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    Featuring: Hermione Lee, Bridget Bennett, Laura Rattray

     
  32. Elizabeth Anscombe

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the influential thinker who rejuvenated moral philosophy in the postwar period.

    22 June 2023

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    Featuring: Rachael Wiseman, Constantine Sandis, Roger Teichmann

     
  33. Emmy Noether

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ideas and achievements of one of the great 20th-century mathematicians.

    24 January 2019

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    Featuring: Colva Roney-Dougal, David Berman, Elizabeth Mansfield

     
  34. Feminism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the rise of Feminism and the subsequent empowerment of women. What have been the most lasting changes for women in the last century and what is there still left to achieve?

    7 January 1999

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    Featuring: Helena Cronin, Germaine Greer

     
  35. Fernando Pessoa

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the works and life of one of Portugal's greatest poets, who wrote in his own name and in those of several rounded characters he created.

    3 December 2020

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    Featuring: Cláudia Pazos-Alonso, Juliet Perkins, Paulo de Medeiros

     
  36. Frankenstein

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Mary Shelley's story of Victor Frankenstein and the creature he makes from cadavers and then rejects - only for the monster to take his revenge

    16 May 2019

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    Featuring: Karen O'Brien, Michael Rossington, Jane Thomas

     
  37. Frida Kahlo

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the work, life and times of the Mexican artist Frida Kahlo.

    9 July 2015

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    Featuring: Patience Schell, Valerie Fraser, Alan Knight

     
  38. Fritz Lang

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Fritz Lang, the director behind films such as Metropolis, Mabuse the Gambler and M in Weimar Germany and Fury and The Big Heat in Hollywood.

    30 December 2021

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    Featuring: Stella Bruzzi, Joe McElhaney, Iris Luppa

     
  39. Fundamentalism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the roots, consequences and the 20th century rise of religious fundamentalism, and examines whether it could ever develop into being politically tolerant.

    22 April 1999

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    Featuring: Karen Armstrong, Tariq Ali

     
  40. Genetics

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the development of the science of genetics, from the early work of Gregor Mendel to modern research on genes and heredity.

    13 December 2001

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    Featuring: Steve Jones, Richard Dawkins, Linda Partridge

     
  41. Good and Evil

    Melvyn Bragg examines what the discoveries of Darwin and our knowledge of the true physiological nature and history of man has done for us in terms understanding our concepts of good and evil.

    1 April 1999

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    Featuring: Leszek Kołakowski, Galen Strawson

     
  42. Grand Unified Theory

    Melvyn Bragg examines 20th century’s physics’ search for one theory that can explain the behaviour of the smallest particle as well as the movements of the largest planets in the Universe.

    24 February 2000

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    Featuring: Brian Greene, Martin Rees

     
  43. Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the mathematician Kurt Godel and his work at the very limits of maths.

    9 October 2008

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    Featuring: Marcus du Sautoy, John D. Barrow, Philip Welch

     
  44. Hannah Arendt

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ideas of Hannah Arendt who examined totalitarianism and politics and, when covering the Eichmann trial, explored 'the banality of evil'.

    2 February 2017

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    Featuring: Lyndsey Stonebridge, Frisbee Sheffield, Robert Eaglestone

     
  45. Hayek's The Road to Serfdom

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Hayek's 1944 book warning that the centralised planning of the wartime economy, if extended into peacetime, could lead to tyranny.

    17 October 2024

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    Featuring: Bruce Caldwell, Melissa Lane, Ben Jackson

     
  46. Hell

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the idea of Hell and its changing appearance in literature and the visual arts from Ancient Egypt to today.

    21 December 2006

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    Featuring: Martin Palmer, Margaret Kean, Neil MacGregor

     
  47. History's relevance in the 20th century

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the relevance of the study of history in the 20th century and examines the place of imagination in the writing of it. What place does myth have in shaping our history?

    3 December 1998

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    Featuring: Simon Schama, Lady Antonia Fraser

     
  48. Hitler in History

    Melvyn Bragg examines the debate between various historiographical theories. How do Intentionalist, Structralist and Marxist views of history explain events in Nazi Germany?

    5 October 2000

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    Featuring: Ian Kershaw, Niall Ferguson, Mary Fulbrook

     
  49. Iris Murdoch

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the growing prominence of the philosophy of one of the most celebrated novelists of the 20th century, who developed her ideas in response to WWII.

    21 October 2021

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    Featuring: Anil Gomes, Anne Rowe, Miles Leeson

     
  50. Italo Calvino

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the author of Invisible Cities, Cosmicomics and If on a Winter's Night a Traveller and collector and translator of Italian fables.

    21 November 2024

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    Featuring: Guido Bonsaver, Jennifer Burns, Beatrice Sica

     
  51. Jorge Luis Borges

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and work of the Argentinian master of the short story, Jorge Luis Borges.

    4 January 2007

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    Featuring: Edwin Williamson, Efraín Kristal, Evelyn Fishburn

     
  52. Joseph Roth

    Misha Glenny and guests discuss the life and works of the author of Radetzky March who wrote of the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after WW1 and the rise of nationalism.

    7 May 2026

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    Featuring: Helen Chambers, Deborah Holmes, Jon Hughes

     
  53. Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce's groundbreaking 1916 novel about growing up in Catholic Ireland.

    26 November 2009

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    Featuring: Roy Foster, Katherine Mullin, Jeri Johnson

     
  54. Jung

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the mind and theories of the psychiatrist Carl Jung who wrote about the concepts of 'introverted' and 'extroverted', and the significance of the collective history of Mankind.

    2 December 2004

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    Featuring: Brett Kahr, Ronald Hayman, Andrew Samuels

     
  55. Kafka's The Trial

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Franz Kafka's novel The Trial.

    27 November 2014

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    Featuring: Elizabeth Boa, Steve Connor, Ritchie Robertson

     
  56. Karl Barth

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Swiss theologian who aimed to put God and Christ at the heart of Christianity when he saw others making humanity and self-revelation its focus.

    7 December 2023

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    Featuring: Stephen Plant, Christiane Tietz, Tom Greggs

     
  57. Language and the Mind

    Melvyn Bragg discusses whether the formation of language is innate or cultural and examines how ideas about language are being radically challenged and altered in the 20th century.

    11 February 1999

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    Featuring: Jonathan Miller, Steven Pinker

     
  58. Lawrence of Arabia

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Lawrence of Arabia, the legend and its context, an idea drawn from over 1200 suggested by listeners this autumn

    5 December 2019

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    Featuring: Hussein Omar, Catriona Pennell, Neil Faulkner

     
  59. Lenin

    Melvyn Bragg investigates what drove the Soviet leader Lenin, and enabled him to develop a model to export communism and build an original political system that remained intact for over seventy years.

    16 March 2000

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    Featuring: Robert Service, Vitali Vitaliev

     
  60. Li Shizhen

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the work of the Chinese doctor who investigated natural remedies, under the Ming, and compiled the greatest collection of treatments of his time

    28 November 2019

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    Featuring: Craig Clunas, Anne Gerritsen, Roel Sterckx

     
  61. Lise Meitner

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the only woman to have an atomic element named solely after her (Meitnerium), in recognition of her role in solving the question of nuclear fission.

    8 May 2025

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    Featuring: Jess Wade, Frank Close, Steven Bramwell

     
  62. Literary Modernism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses literary modernism. The literary movement that embraced Joyce, DH Lawrence, TS Eliot, Virginia Woolf in the early decades of the twentieth century.

    26 April 2001

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    Featuring: John Carey, Laura Marcus, Valentine Cunningham

     
  63. Logical Positivism

    Melvyn Bragg and guests including Barry Smith discuss Logical Positivism, the radical philosophy of the Vienna Circle.

    2 July 2009

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    Featuring: Barry Smith, Nancy Cartwright, Thomas Uebel

     
  64. Lévi-Strauss

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the work of French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss.

    23 May 2013

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    Featuring: Adam Kuper, Christina Howells, Vincent Debaene

     
  65. Machado de Assis

    Misha Glenny and guests discuss one of the foundational figures of Brazilian literature, a descendant of slaves, and his stories of Bras Cubas and Virgilia, Dom Casmurro and Capitu.

    11 June 2026

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    Featuring: Ana Cláudia Suriani da Silva, Claire Williams, Viviane Carvalho da Annunciação

     
  66. Marsilius of Padua

    Melvyn Bragg & guests discuss one of the first to argue that political power came from the people, not from God or hereditary monarchy, and they could elect or remove their rulers.

    30 May 2024

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    Featuring: Annabel Brett, George Garnett, Serena Ferente

     
  67. Mary Magdalene

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Mary Magdalene, one of the best-known figures in the Bible.

    25 February 2016

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    Featuring: Joanne Anderson, Eamon Duffy, Joan Taylor

     
  68. Masculinity in Literature

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the changing archetypes of masculinity in 20th century literature, from Hemingway to Hornby, and examines whether the British ideal is at odds with its American counterpart.

    20 January 2000

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    Featuring: Martin Amis, Cora Kaplan

     
  69. Mathematics

    Melvyn Bragg examines the way perceptions of the importance of mathematics have fluctuated in the 20th century and what mathematics can reveal about how life began, and how it might continue.

    6 May 1999

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    Featuring: Ian Stewart, Brian Butterworth

     
  70. Mathematics and Music

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the mathematical structures that lie within the heart of music. From mathematical formulations used to create early music to the music of the 20th century.

    25 May 2006

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    Featuring: Marcus du Sautoy, Robin Wilson, Ruth Tatlow

     
  71. Maurice Merleau-Ponty

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the insights of this French philosopher into the relationship between mind and body, the role of language in thought and the value of habits

    27 March 2025

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    Featuring: Komarine Romdenh-Romluc, Thomas Baldwin, Timothy Mooney

     
  72. Mercury

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the smallest planet in our solar system, what the Mariner 10 and Messenger missions have revealed and the hopes for the new BepiColombo mission.

    2 May 2024

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    Featuring: Emma Bunce, David Rothery, Carolin Crawford

     
  73. Modern Culture

    Melvyn Bragg discusses whether contemporary culture is evidence of a moral and aesthetic decline in our civilisation in the 20th century or if it shows a society richer and more diverse than ever.

    21 January 1999

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    Featuring: Will Self, Roger Scruton

     
  74. Modernist Utopias

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the mad, bad world of modern utopias where babies are hatched from test tubes, where women live without men, where machines have taken over, and where the poor are exterminated.

    10 March 2005

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    Featuring: John Carey, Steven Connor, Laura Marcus

     
  75. Monet in England

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss why the French impressionist Claude Monet painted the foggy Thames in central London more often than water lilies, haystacks or Rouen Cathedral.

    27 June 2024

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    Featuring: Karen Serres, Frances Fowle, Jackie Wullschläger

     
  76. Mrs Dalloway

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs Dalloway, published in 1925.

    3 July 2014

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    Featuring: Hermione Lee, Jane Goldman, Kathryn Simpson

     
  77. Multiculturalism

    Melvyn Bragg examines whether it is possible to define how attitudes to race and identity have changed in the 20th century, given its vast shifts of population, cultures and peoples.

    13 May 1999

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    Featuring: Stuart Hall, Avtar Brah

     
  78. Munch and The Scream

    Melvyn Bragg and guests David Jackson, Dorothy Rowe and Alastair Wright discuss the work of the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, focusing on his painting The Scream.

    18 March 2010

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    Featuring: David Jackson, Dorothy Rowe, Alastair Wright

     
  79. Nefertiti

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss how the discovery of the bust of Nefertiti in 1912 has shaped ideas about her and about life in ancient Egypt and the royal city of Amarna.

    18 January 2024

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    Featuring: Aidan Dodson, Joyce Tyldesley, Kate Spence

     
  80. Neuroscience in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the history of neuroscience, how far scientists have got with understanding the brain and what their research can tell us about ourselves and the world we live in.

    24 December 1998

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    Featuring: Susan Greenfield, Vilayanur S. Ramachandran

     
  81. Nikola Tesla

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the inventor who helped the advance of electrification in America at the end of the 19th century and cultivated his reputation as a visionary genius

    4 April 2024

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    Featuring: Simon Schaffer, Jill Jonnes, Iwan Morus

     
  82. Nuclear Physics

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the controversial 20th century scientific breakthrough and development of nuclear physics, which harnesses the enigmatic qualities of the atom’s core to create nuclear power.

    10 January 2002

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    Featuring: Jim Al-Khalili, Christine Sutton, John Gribbin

     
  83. Ordinary language philosophy

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss Ordinary Language Philosophy, one of the most important British contributions to 20th-century thought.

    7 November 2013

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    Featuring: Stephen Mulhall, Ray Monk, Julia Tanney

     
  84. Paul Dirac

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Bristolian theoretical physicist, ranked alongside Einstein by his peers, who won a Nobel for his work on quantum mechanics.

    5 March 2020

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    Featuring: Graham Farmelo, Valerie Gibson, David Berman

     
  85. Paul Erdős

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and work of the highly prolific, itinerant 20th century Hungarian mathematician, who enjoyed an unrivalled reputation for problem-solving.

    23 February 2023

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    Featuring: Colva Roney-Dougal, Timothy Gowers, Andrew Treglown

     
  86. Paul von Hindenburg

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise of a retired German officer recalled to duty who became an idealised, heroic figure and, as president, appointed Hitler as chancellor.

    22 May 2025

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    Featuring: Anna von der Goltz, Christopher Clark, Colin Storer

     
  87. Penicillin

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928, the development of effective antibiotic drugs and the evolution of resistant bacteria.

    9 June 2016

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    Featuring: Laura Piddock, Christoph Tang, Steve Jones

     
  88. Peter Kropotkin

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and ideas of the Russian prince who became an anarchist and who argued that mutual aid was the key to evolution not survival of the fittest

    24 February 2022

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    Featuring: Ruth Kinna, Lee Dugatkin, Simon Dixon

     
  89. Phenomenology

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the philosophical movement phenomenology.

    22 January 2015

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    Featuring: Simon Glendinning, Joanna Hodge, Stephen Mulhall

     
  90. Philippa Foot

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss one of the most notable philosophers of the 20th century, who explored why it mattered to be moral and why humans needed virtues to flourish.

    16 May 2024

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    Featuring: Anil Gomes, Sophie Grace Chappell, Rachael Wiseman

     
  91. Picasso's Guernica

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Pablo Picasso's Guernica, which he painted in 1937 soon after the bombing of that Basque town in the Spanish Civil War, and its wider context.

    2 November 2017

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    Featuring: Mary Vincent, Gijs van Hensbergen, Dacia Viejo Rose

     
  92. Plate Tectonics

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss how the geological theory of plate tectonics revolutionised our understanding of the planet on which we live

    24 January 2008

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    Featuring: Richard Corfield, Joe Cann, Lynne Frostick

     
  93. Politics in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg talks to Gore Vidal and Alan Clark about political morality and the future of the nation state, and examines the impact of the individual on the story of the 20th century.

    22 October 1998

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    Featuring: Gore Vidal, Alan Clark

     
  94. Popper

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the philosopher Karl Popper, author of The Open Society and a seminal thinker about science.

    8 February 2007

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    Featuring: John Worrall, Anthony O'Hear, Nancy Cartwright

     
    PhilosophyUniversity of Vienna alumniPhilosophers of culturePhilosophers of mindWriters about globalizationJewish ethicistsWriters about religion and scienceBritish historians of philosophyPhilosophers of religionBritish male non-fiction writersBritish male essayistsPhilosophers of logicKnights BachelorAcademics of the London School of Economics, British philosophers of scienceMetaphysics writers20th-century British essayists20th-century Austrian philosophers, Austrian agnostics, Austrian essayists, Austrian logicians, British agnostics, British logicians, British people of Austrian-Jewish descent, Naturalised citizens of the United KingdomWriters about activism and social changeAristotelian philosophersEpistemologistsBritish philosophers of educationPresidents of the Aristotelian SocietyCritics of religionsMetaphysiciansPolitical philosophersRecipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and ArtWriters from ViennaPhilosophers of technologyFellows of the British AcademyBritish consciousness researchers and theoristsPhilosophers of mathematics20th-century British philosophersTheorists on Western civilizationPhilosophers of historyJewish philosophersRationalistsBritish social liberalsBritish ethicistsLogiciansBritish political philosophersForeign associates of the National Academy of SciencesPhilosophers of economicsJewish agnosticsMembers of the Order of the Companions of HonourSocial philosophersCritics of MarxismCambridge University Moral Sciences ClubRecipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)Ontologists20th centuryEconomicsMathematicsMedicine
  95. Pragmatism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the American philosophy of pragmatism which purported that knowledge is only meaningful when coupled with action.

    17 November 2005

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    Featuring: A. C. Grayling, Julian Baggini, Miranda Fricker

     
  96. Proust

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the life and achievements of the 19th century French novelist Marcel Proust whose 3000 page work À La Recherche du Temps Perdu has been called the definitive modern novel.

    17 April 2003

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    Featuring: Jacqueline Rose, Malcolm Bowie, Robert Fraser

     
  97. Psychoanalysis and democracy

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the impact of politics on psychoanalysis and how psychoanalysis itself attempts to resolve the conflicting ideas and voices within our minds.

    11 July 2002

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    Featuring: Adam Phillips, Sally Alexander, Malcolm Bowie

     
  98. Psychoanalysis and its Legacy

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the relevance of psychoanalysis at the end of the 20th century. Has it failed to develop and adapt to an age increasingly dominated by science?

    4 February 1999

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    Featuring: Juliet Mitchell, Adam Phillips

     
  99. Quantum Gravity

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the attempts to understand the Quantum world, which deals with the smallest invisible particles, and to which classical theories of gravity, motion and relativity do not apply.

    22 February 2001

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    Featuring: John Gribbin, Lee Smolin, Janna Levin

     
  100. Radiation

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history of the discovery of radiation, from the idea that light consisted of waves, through electromagnetism to the naming of gamma rays.

    12 November 2009

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    Featuring: Jim Al-Khalili, Frank Close, Frank James

     
  101. Rawls' Theory of Justice

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss A Theory of Justice by John Rawls, first published in 1971, a work that's been called the most influential book in 20th-century political philosophy.

    19 January 2023

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    Featuring: Fabienne Peter, Martin O'Neill, Jonathan Wolff

     
  102. Robert Graves

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and works of the author of I, Claudius, especially his love and war poems and his ideas on the source of all creativity.

    10 October 2024

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    Featuring: Paul O'Prey, Fran Brearton, Bob Davis

     
  103. Rosa Luxemburg

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Rosa Luxemburg, 'Red Rosa', a leading revolutionary and agitator in Poland and Germany until her arrest and murder in the Spartacus Revolt 1919.

    13 April 2017

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    Featuring: Jacqueline Rose, Mark Jones, Nadine Rossol

     
  104. Rosalind Franklin

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the achievements of the pioneering scientist Rosalind Franklin.

    22 February 2018

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    Featuring: Patricia Fara, Jim Naismith, Judith Howard

     
  105. Rudyard Kipling

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of Rudyard Kipling, a writer sometimes described as the poet of empire.

    16 October 2014

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    Featuring: Howard Booth, Daniel Karlin, Jan Montefiore

     
  106. Rutherford

    Melvyn Bragg discusses Ernest Rutherford. He is seen as the father of nuclear science, a great charismatic figure who mapped the landscape of the sub-atomic world.

    19 February 2004

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    Featuring: Simon Schaffer, Jim Al-Khalili, Patricia Fara

     
  107. Samuel Beckett

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life and work of the author of Waiting for Godot, who lived in Paris and wrote in French as he found that more difficult than writing in English

    17 January 2019

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    Featuring: Steven Connor, Laura Salisbury, Mark Nixon

     
  108. Sartre

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the life and works of French novelist, playwright and philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.

    7 October 2004

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    Featuring: Jonathan Rée, Benedict O'Donohoe, Christina Howells

     
  109. Science in the 20th century

    Melvyn Bragg discusses how perceptions of science have changed in the 20th century and examines whether it is coming any closer to integrating with philosophy or the social sciences.

    5 November 1998

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    Featuring: John Gribbin, Mary Midgley

     
  110. Siegfried Sassoon

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the war poet Siegfried Sassoon; a homosexual war hero who became a bitter opponent of the First World War and a devout Catholic.

    7 June 2007

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    Featuring: Jean Moorcroft Wilson, Fran Brearton, Max Egremont

     
  111. Simone Weil

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the French philosopher and social activist Simone Weil. Admired by Albert Camus and Iris Murdoch, she achieved a great deal in her short life.

    15 November 2012

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    Featuring: Beatrice Han-Pile, Stephen Plant, David Levy

     
  112. Simone de Beauvoir

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Simone de Beauvoir - her work on existentialist ethics, philosophy and literature and her influence on feminism.

    22 October 2015

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    Featuring: Christina Howells, Margaret Atack, Ursula Tidd

     
  113. Space in Religion and Science

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the history of thought about space, and examines whether cyberspace has introduced a new concept of space in our world or if its roots are in Einsteinian physics.

    18 February 1999

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    Featuring: John Polkinghorne, Margaret Wertheim

     
  114. Stevie Smith

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the writer best known for her poem Not Waving But Drowning, whose success has arguably overshadowed her wider work as a poet and novelist.

    16 February 2023

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    Featuring: Jeremy Noel-Tod, Noreen Masud, Will May

     
  115. Stoicism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses Stoicism, the third great philosophy of the Ancient World, which had a great influence on the Roman Empire.

    3 March 2005

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    Featuring: Angie Hobbs, Jonathan Rée, David Sedley

     
  116. Suffragism

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss suffragism, the movement for women's voting rights. Who championed it, who opposed it and how was universal female suffrage really achieved?

    16 April 2009

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    Featuring: Krista Cowman, June Purvis, Julia Bush

     
  117. Tagore

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Literature.

    7 May 2015

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    Featuring: Chandrika Kaul, Bashabi Fraser, John Stevens

     
    English-language poets from IndiaNational anthem writersKnights Bachelor19th-century Bengali poets, 19th-century Indian composers, 19th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights, 19th-century Indian educational theorists, 19th-century Indian essayists, 19th-century Indian male artists, 19th-century Indian musicians, 19th-century Indian painters, 19th-century Indian philosophers, 19th-century Indian poets, 19th-century classical musicians, 19th-century male musicians, 20th-century Bengali poets, 20th-century Indian composers, 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights, 20th-century Indian educational theorists, 20th-century Indian essayists, 20th-century Indian novelists, 20th-century Indian painters, 20th-century Indian philosophers, 20th-century Indian poets, Alumni of University College London, Bengali Hindus, Bengali male poets, Bengali musicians, Bengali nationalists, Bengali philosophers, Bengali zamindars, Bengali-language poets, Brahmos, Dramatists and playwrights from British India, Hindu poets, Indian Hindus, Indian Nobel laureates, Indian classical composers, Indian male dramatists and playwrights, Indian male essayists, Indian male painters, Indian male poets, Indian male songwriters, Indian portrait painters, Indian social reformers, Indian songwriters, Musicians from Kolkata, Oriental Seminary alumni, Painters from West Bengal, People associated with Santiniketan, People associated with Shillong, People from the Bengal Presidency, Poets from British India, Poets from West Bengal, Presidency University, Kolkata alumni, Rabindranath Tagore, Tagore family, Vangiya Sahitya Parishad, Writers from KolkataNobel laureates in LiteratureArtist authorsFounders of Indian schools and collegesHaiku poets19th century20th centuryLanguageMusicPainting
  118. The American Century

    Melvyn Bragg examines whether ideals of democracy and freedom have been forged in the world as a result of American influence, or if American oppression has made a bigger impact in the 20th century.

    17 December 1998

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    Featuring: Harry Evans, John Lloyd

     
  119. The Avant Garde's Decline and Fall in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg examines the social and aesthetic impact of the Avant Garde and discusses whether it has failed in making painting relevant in the 20th century.

    25 February 1999

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    Featuring: Eric Hobsbawm, Frances Morris

     
  120. The Brain and Consciousness

    Melvyn Bragg discusses how our increased knowledge of the functioning of the brain has changed our feelings about our own natures, and our approach to the behaviour and treatment of others.

    19 November 1998

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    Featuring: Steven Rose, Dan Robinson

     
  121. The City in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the artistic, cultural and innovative developments of the city in the 20th century. How cities changed since 1900, and what have is their future?

    12 November 1998

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    Featuring: Peter Hall, Doreen Massey

     
  122. The Cultural Revolution

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the decade of upheaval in China under Mao's revolt within his own party, led at first by the Red Guards, from 1966 until his death in 1976

    17 December 2020

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    Featuring: Rana Mitter, Peidong Sun, Julia Lovell

     
  123. The Dead Sea Scrolls

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the revelatory collection of Biblical texts and other documents dating from around 250 BC to AD 68, which were first rediscovered in a cave in 1946

    4 May 2023

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    Featuring: Sarah Pearce, Charlotte Hempel, George Brooke

     
  124. The Graviton

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the search for the Graviton, a hypothetical elementary particle that offers a unifying theory of gravitational force.

    24 November 2005

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    Featuring: Roger Cashmore, Jim Al-Khalili, Sheila Rowan

     
  125. The Great Disruption

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the 20th century shift from industrial to information society. What has been the cause of this shift and how will we recover the social cohesion that preceded it?

    17 June 1999

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    Featuring: Francis Fukuyama, Amos Oz

     
  126. The Great Gatsby

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss one of the great American novels of the 20th Century, where inexplicably rich Jay Gatsby aims to win Daisy Buchanan from her millionaire husband.

    14 January 2021

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    Featuring: Sarah Churchwell, Philip McGowan, William Blazek

     
  127. The Individual

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the history of the concept of the individual, from its place in Renaissance thought, its redefinition by Marx and Freud and its apparent demise in the 20th century.

    21 October 1999

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    Featuring: Richard Wollheim, Jonathan Dollimore

     
  128. The Long March

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history and symbolism of the Chinese Red Army's escape from the Kuomintang in 1934/5 and Mao Zedong's emergence from it as the future leader

    29 November 2018

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    Featuring: Rana Mitter, Sun Shuyun, Julia Lovell

     
  129. The May Fourth Movement

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the upheaval in China in 1919 after humiliation in the Versailles Treaty and the sharing of ideas that led to the foundation of the Communist Party.

    9 December 2021

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    Featuring: Rana Mitter, Elisabeth Forster, Song-Chuan Chen

     
  130. The Measurement problem in Physics

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the the measurement problem, one of the deepest problems in contemporary physics.

    5 March 2009

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    Featuring: Basil Hiley, Simon Saunders, Roger Penrose

     
  131. The Mexican Revolution

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Mexican Revolution of 1910, the popular uprising which lasted ten years and resulted in the overthrow of President Porfino Diaz.

    20 January 2011

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    Featuring: Alan Knight, Paul Garner, Patience Schell

     
  132. The Monarchy

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the changing face of the British monarchy through the 20th century. How has it survived since the execution of Charles I and what relevance does it have in Britain today?

    10 June 1999

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    Featuring: David Cannadine, Bea Campbell

     
  133. The Nation State

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the history of English national identity and examines how the concept of the Nation State can defend itself against the forces of globalisation.

    14 October 1999

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    Featuring: Norman Davies, Andrew Marr

     
  134. The Needham Question

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Needham Question, which asks why China’s medieval technological advancement was overtaken by that of a relative backwater called Europe.

    19 October 2006

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    Featuring: Chris Cullen, Tim Barrett, Frances Wood

     
  135. The Neutron

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the neutron in the atomic nucleus, in the laboratory and in the densest stars.

    14 April 2016

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    Featuring: Val Gibson, Andrew Harrison, Frank Close

     
  136. The Physics of Reality

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the attempt to reconcile Quantum Theory, which deals with the smallest, invisible particles or waves, and the larger scale classical physics of Newton and Einstein.

    2 May 2002

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    Featuring: Roger Penrose, Fay Dowker, Tony Sudbery

     
  137. The Poincaré conjecture

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Poincaré Conjecture, a puzzle that may explain the shape of the universe.

    2 November 2006

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    Featuring: June Barrow-Green, Ian Stewart, Marcus du Sautoy

     
  138. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the rise and fall of the largest republic in Europe, which for centuries elected its kings to rule alongside parliament and avoided religious wars.

    14 October 2021

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    Featuring: Robert I. Frost, Katarzyna Kosior, Norman Davies

     
  139. The Royal Society and British Science: Episode 4

    The more discreet role played by the Society in the 20th century, such as co-ordinating international scientific missions during the Cold War.

    7 January 2010

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    Featuring

     
  140. The Russo-Japanese War

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Japan's unexpected victory over Russia in 1904-5 which gave Japan a new status in the world and pushed Russia into revolution.

    1 April 2021

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    Featuring: Simon Dixon, Naoko Shimazu, Oleg Benesch

     
  141. The Samurai

    Melvyn Bragg and guests Gregory Irvine, Nicola Liscutin and Angus Lockyer discuss the history of the Samurai and the role of their myth in Japanese national identity.

    24 December 2009

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    Featuring: Angus Lockyer, Nicola Liscutin, Gregory Irvine

     
  142. The Seventh Seal (1000th program)

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Ingmar Bergman's influential film from 1957 in which a knight plays chess with Death in the hope of living long enough to do something meaningful

    21 September 2023

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    Featuring: Jan Holmberg [sv], Laura Hubner, Claire Thomson

     
  143. The Universe's Origins

    Melvyn Bragg examines the way thinking about the origins of the universe changed in the 20th century. Are we any closer to knowing whether other worlds exist and how our planet came into being?

    20 May 1999

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    Featuring: Martin Rees, Paul Davies

     
  144. Thomas Edison

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the work of Thomas Edison, one of the great inventors and cultural figures of modern America.

    9 December 2010

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    Featuring: Simon Schaffer, Kathleen Burk, Iwan Morus

     
  145. Thomas Hardy's Poetry

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Hardy's poems, which he prized far above the novels which made him famous and rich, and his ambition to be ranked alongside Shelley and Byron.

    13 January 2022

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    Featuring: Mark Ford, Jane Thomas, Tim Armstrong

     
  146. Tolstoy

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the life and times of the 19th century Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, whose novels such as War and Peace gave expression to the compelling moral and social questions of their day.

    25 April 2002

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    Featuring: A. N. Wilson, Catriona Kelly, Sarah Hudspith

     
  147. Tutankhamun

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the the work of Howard Carter's team in 1922, and the extraordinary contents of Tutankhamun's tomb and what it revealed of Egyptian history

    26 December 2019

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    Featuring: Elizabeth Frood, Christina Riggs, John Taylor

     
  148. Victorian Realism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses Victorian realism and its focus on the ordinariness of life which contained a complexity and depth previously unseen.

    14 November 2002

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    Featuring: Philip Davis, A. N. Wilson, Dinah Birch

     
  149. Walter Benjamin

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the remarkable philosopher and critic whose ideas, developed in the 1930s, became highly influential after his death while escaping the Holocaust.

    10 February 2022

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    Featuring: Esther Leslie, Kevin McLaughlin, Carolin Duttlinger

     
  150. War in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg talks to Michael Ignatieff about the life of the philosopher Isaiah Berlin and the modern universal human rights culture and to Sir Michael Howard about warfare of the 20th century.

    15 October 1998

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    Featuring: Michael Ignatieff, Michael Howard

     
  151. Weber's The Protestant Ethic

    Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss Max Weber's book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

    27 March 2014

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    Featuring: Peter Ghosh, Sam Whimster, Linda Woodhead

     
  152. Wilfred Owen

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss one of Britain's greatest war poets, who published only 5 poems in his short life yet whose works became seen as a warning of the futility of wars.

    27 October 2022

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    Featuring: Jane Potter, Fran Brearton, Guy Cuthbertson

     
  153. William James's The Varieties of Religious Experience

    Melvyn Bragg and guests Jonathan Ree, John Haldane and Gwen Griffith-Dickson discuss The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James.

    13 May 2010

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    Featuring: Jonathan Rée, John Haldane, Gwen Griffith-Dickson

     
  154. William Morris

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss some of the many aspects of William Morris: his activism, poetry and prose and his ideas on arts, crafts and work in an industrial world.

    5 July 2018

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    Featuring: Ingrid Hanson, Marcus Waithe, Jane Thomas

     
  155. Wittgenstein

    Melvyn Bragg discusses how Ludwig Wittgenstein, one of the greatest philosophers of the modern age has influenced contemporary culture with his ideas on language.

    4 December 2003

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    Featuring: Ray Monk, Barry Smith, Marie McGinn

     
  156. Work in the 20th Century

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the way attitudes to work and the work ethic itself have changed over the century. Has our understanding of the nature and function of work changed as radically as we imagine?

    26 November 1998

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    Featuring: Richard Sennett, Theodore Zeldin, Melanie Phillips

     
  157. Writing and Political Oppression

    Melvyn Bragg discusses how two writers’ work has been shaped by political oppression and examines whether writers have a political role in modern society.

    8 April 1999

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    Featuring: Nadine Gordimer, Ariel Dorfman

     
  158. Yeats and Irish Politics

    Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the poet W.B. Yeats and Irish politics from the suspension of home rule to the division of Ireland.

    17 April 2008

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    Featuring: Roy Foster, Fran Brearton, Warwick Gould

     
  159. Yeats and Mysticism

    Melvyn Bragg discusses the life and beliefs of the Irish Poet W B Yeats and explores how a passion for magic and mysticism served and stood alongside his poetry.

    31 January 2002

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    Featuring: Roy Foster, Warwick Gould, Brenda Maddox